These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Why did Whina Cooper lead the land march? These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Holidify Travels Pvt Ltd.- All Right Reserved, Best Time: December - February Several tour buses often make a pitstop at the harbour for it provides a great view of the river. Tourists often visit via hop-on and hop-off buses. If you look at the right of women to vote, in the 1890s, no-one was saying, We want to be the first, said Professor Paul Moon, respected historian and social commentator. At the end of the season, Eddie presented Denis with a box of kmara from the garden. Capital city Wellington was ranked as the third-happiest city in the 2019 UN World Happiness Report (Credit: Robert CHG/Getty Images). Who is the rightful owner of Bastion Point? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. There have been all sorts of fish hooks in it, says Jackson. Soon after signing Te Tiriti, Ngti Whtua rkei, the primary hap and landowner in Tmaki Makaurau, made a tuku (strategic gift) of 3,500 acres (1,400 hectares) of land on the Waitemat Harbour to William Hobson, the new Governor of New Zealand, for the new capital. New Zealand is unique among former British colonies as it has a treaty, signed in 1840 between the Maori chiefs through New Zealand, and the Crown. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. This event had a much wider effect than just on the home tribe. The Prime Minister at the time, Bill Rowling, promised the efforts of the march is not in vain I assure you justice will be done. Even Dame Whina Cooper, leader of the march, believed the march was received and understood positively. The Polynesian Panther Party (PPP) was a revolutionary social justice movement formed to target racial inequalities carried out against indigenous Mori and Pacific Islanders in Auckland, New Zealand. It has large columns, sunken gardens and a reflecting pool which was built in two years by Fletcher Construction for 34,533, with the cost raised by subscription. The daytime temperature during this season remains around 20C while the lowest it can touch is 14C. Takaparawhau searchlight emplacements, numbers one and two, completed in 1944. This led to the occupation of Bastion Point. MPs from New Zealands Green Party, as well as unionists, activists and other indigenous groups from international movements flocked to Ihumtao. Mori originally named the eastern point of the area Kohimarama, meaning to collect the remnants / wood chips, and the western point was named Takaparawhau. Watch Bastion Point: the untold story (1999), from NZ On Screen: Why was there a protest at Bastion Point? The obelisk in Savage Memorial Park on Bastion Point commemorates the burial place of Michael Joseph Savage, first Labour prime minister, who died in 1940. Food can be another reason for travellers to spend some more time at Bastion Point. Looking north east along kahu Bay towards Takaparawhau, showing the sewer line in course of construction, 1910. The area is significant in New Zealand history as the site of protests by Mori against forced land alienation by pkeh (European settlers) in the late 1970s. Crucially, they felt entitled to self-government and that everyone should be equal under the law in their proposed fair, equal and honest society. The concern was, This is an important right because it will enfranchise women or be more representative, more democratic and so on. Protesters occupied Bastion Point (Takaparawh) in Auckland in January 1977 after the government announced a housing development on former Ngti Whtua reserve land. Read More. By the mid-1900s many Mori had left their traditional lands and were living in cities. Bastion Point was originally a Mori fishing village surrounded by rich farming land. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. A number of delaying tactics were used by the defendants and their supporters in order to slow down and disrupt the court proceedings, supporters disrupted these proceedings by yelling out 'Bastion Point is Maori Land' and similar slogans from the public gallery. The protest ended when the government sent in police to clear the protesters and demolish their makeshift homes. What gland increases contractions during labor? In the 1975 hkoi (stepping out), protesters marched from Northland to Wellington to ask the government to halt further losses of Mori land. The looting and subsequent burning of Kororreka shook the settler population. The tribe mounted a 506-day occupation of the site in 197778. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 40 years ago the eviction of protesters from Bastion Point or Takaparawhau in Auckland triggered the beginning of the new era in land rights, says the Minister of Mori Development the Hon Nanaia Mahuta. But this woman was Jacinda Ardern, New Zealands prime minister, and the one who had decided on expert advice to go hard and go early, mandating one of the worlds earliest and toughest bans on international and internal travel and locking down her country for roughly a month from midnight on 25 March. In April this year New Zealands auditor-general found the deal to be unlawful until validated by an act of parliament. Protesters lived in tents and other makeshift dwellings, built a temporary meeting hall, and grew vegetables on the land. In 197778, Mori protesters occupied a plot of coastal land called Bastion Point (Takaparawh in Mori) near Auckland, New Zealand. Joe Hawke, members of his hap Ngti Whtua rkei, and other activists, formed the Orakei Mori Action Committee, taking direct action to stop the subdivision. Gross, built above the disused Fort Britomart. Ten years later, the Waitangi Tribunal supported Maori claims to the land, a decision that. If you are visiting New Zealand on February 6th, youll be part of Waitangi Day, our national holiday. There were a number of key significant causes of the Bastion Point Protest of 1977-78. The occupation and the use of force to end it played a part in highlighting injustices against Mori, and the occupation became a major landmark in the history of Mori protest. The area is significant in New Zealand history as the site of protests in the late 1970s by Mori against forced land alienation by Pkeh (European settlers). Some Mori elders disagreed with these tactics. What is thought to influence the overproduction and pruning of synapses in the brain quizlet? It allowed the British to take formal control of New Zealand. Looking north east along kahu Bay towards Takaparawhau, with Tumutumuwhenua wharenui (meeting house) visible on the ridgeline, 2022. Land like the plot at Ihumtao is not subject to the Tribunals authority and, were it developed, one deed would turn into hundreds, further alienating the traditional owners. She pointed to her grubby sweatshirt. There were a number of key significant causes of the Bastion Point Protest of 1977-78. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Its charming surroundings draw a considerable number of visitors each year. 7 Who is the rightful owner of Bastion Point? the Crown The crown, it says, has no jurisdiction. Numerous attempts to restore tribal ownership were made over the following decades, through the Mori Land Court, the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal, the Compensation Court, and through 15 petitions to Parliament, all without success. Bastion Point was the land of the Ngati Whatua which is a Maori tribe of New Zealand. It can be a messy business putting a toddler to bed.. In 1886, the Crown used the Public Works Act 1882 (46 Vict No 37) to take ownership of 13 acres (5.3 ha) of Bastion Point for this purpose of defence. 1 Why did the government take Bastion Point? The protest and the subsequent government handling of the occupation brought international attention to the Mori land situation. One of their causes was the return of their land and payment for the governments past injustices. In the same survey, Wellington was ranked as the third-happiest city. Aotearoa, to use New Zealand's Mori name, is not Utopia. If you liked this story,sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newslettercalled "The Essential List". This clearly shoes just how significant the land was for the people of Ngati Whatua, the protestors were heavily impacted by their actions as they were arrested and many were convicted. Takaparawhau / Bastion Point is a coastal piece of land in rkei, Auckland, New Zealand, overlooking the Waitemat Harbour. New Zealand was not conquered but founded on a treaty between Mori and the Crown (Credit: Martin Vlnas/Getty Images). [23], In 1988 the New Zealand Labour Government returned Takaparawhau / Bastion Point and rkei Marae to Ngti Whtua rkei, with compensation, as part of a Treaty of Waitangi settlement process. However, in the 1970s Mori groups became politically active. A justification for this eviction was health and sanitation issues, for which the government was ultimately responsible. Improved homework resources designed to support a variety of curriculum subjects and standards. Savage Memorial, Auckland. But in the 1860s, war broke out between the British crown and a federation of iwi, or tribes, known as the Kingitanga, who were trying to counter the increasingly aggressive land grabs by settlers. The event was a contrast to the war generation that was conservative. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. It began on 5 January 1977, and ended on 25 May 1978 (the 507th day), when 222 protesters were evicted and arrested by police. But occupations though participants call themselves protectors rather than protesters or occupiers similar to that in Ihumtao have increasingly cropped up across New Zealand, in Pukeihua, Mount Crawford, Waiheke Island and Shelly Bay in Wellington. We never post anything without your permission. On May the 25th 1978, police and army evicted 222 people from the waterfront reserve after a 506 day . The future of the world is written in penguin blood. What was the impact of the 1977 Bastion Point occupation? After the end of the occupation, Ngti Whtua filed claims to the Waitangi Tribunal, which the government largely accepted. To request a copy of the recording, contact Sound Archives Ng . They were the first inhabitants of the islands. Choose a language from the menu above to view a computer-translated version of this page. Was the Bastion Point protest successful? [22], The occupation lasted for 506 days; it ended on 25 May 1978,[1] when 800 police and personnel of the New Zealand Army forcibly removed the occupiers and destroyed the temporary buildingsincluding vegetable gardens and the marae. In 19771978 the Orakei Mori Action Committee organised an occupation of the remaining Crown land, two days before construction of the housing was to start, to prevent its confiscation by the Muldoon Government. In the report which it produced in 1987 the tribunal recommended the return of Bastion point to its rightful owners, Ngati Whatua. Bastion Point land returned The government announced that it had agreed to the Waitangi Tribunals recommendation that Takaparawh (Bastion Point) on the southern shore of Aucklands Waitemat Harbour be returned to local iwi Ngti Whtua. The area is significant in New Zealand history as the site of protests in the late 1970s by Mori against forced land alienation by Pkeh (European settlers). The use of such overwhelming force to end the peaceful occupation highlighted the legacy of discrimination against Mori and the state's ongoing appropriation of Mori land. Now Ngti Whtua is the third largest land owner in downtown Auckland. Her empathetic leadership after the Christchurch mosques attack in March 2019 was highlighted in images of a hijab-wearing Ardern embracing Muslim New Zealanders; consoling bereaved families after the Whakaari White Island eruption that December; and addressing the UN General Assembly while fianc Clarke Gayford cuddled their four-month-old daughter Neve in September 2018. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". the impact of a wide variety of government policies over huge geographical The Raglan (Whingaroa) protest raged in the 1970s over the Raglan golf course. The new housing was never built and under a Treaty of Waitangi settlement much of the land was returned to Ngti Whtua. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. rkei Local Board, Auckland Council. These causes dated back to the mid 1800s and the occupation itself all stemmed from issues surrounding the loss of land Ngati Whatua as a result of rulings by the Native Land Court and the early New Zealand government. When in 1941 the Crown no longer needed Bastion Point for defence, it did not return the land to its traditional Mori owners but instead gifted it to the Auckland City Council for a reserve. Area of coastal land in Auckland, New Zealand. English navigator Captain James Cook arrived in 176970. There are some good restaurants, cafes, eateries, bakeries where one can find delicious food. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". The protest is famously known as the Maori Protest which went for 506 days. The illumination of the past showed the need not just for a settlement of present claims, but a better law for the future. Ministers of the crown became mortgage brokers, if you like, and began offering cheap mortgages to colonisers, or giving them a reward for their part in the wars against our people.. [21], In 1976 the Crown announced that it planned to develop Bastion Point by selling it to the highest bidder for high-income housing. Police block protesters from the site at Ihumtao. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Some of these attractions are North Head Historic Reserve, Mount Victoria Reserve, St. Helliers Bay, Devonport and Torpedo Bay Navy Museum. [3][4][5][6] The public land containing the Michael Joseph Savage Memorial and Fort Britomart tunnels is not owned by the hap, who refer to it as Kohimarama, while Auckland Council now call it Takaparawhau. . If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. What happened to Bastion Point/Takaparawhau. It was on ancestral land that Ngti Whtua hoped to get back. 1 July 1988 Bastion Point land returned The government announced that it had agreed to the Waitangi Tribunals recommendation that Takaparawh (Bastion Point) on the southern shore of Aucklands Waitemat Harbour be returned to local iwi Ngti Whtua. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. released 96 reports ranging from brief judicial findings to large reports. New Zealands government realized that the coastal land was important for the growth of Auckland and began confiscating it for public use in the mid-1800s. Raglan golf course. When William Hobson, then-governor of New Zealand, founded Auckland in 1840, the produce of Ihumtao sustained the growing population. The top places near to Bastion point are Auckland which is 5 km from Bastion point, Hunua ranges which is located 34 km from Bastion point, Gisborne which is located 346 km from Bastion point, Rotorua which is located 191 km from Bastion point, Tauranga which is located 151 km from Bastion point, Ask a question from the travellers who have. Evening everyone, thought I would jump online and just check in with everyone as we all prepare to hunker down for a few weeks, said the New Zealand woman via Facebook Live as the country prepared for its month-long Covid-19 shutdown. Most Mori believe that sovereignty was never ceded to the crown. In 2019, the situation escalated. By the late 1830s European settlers were arriving in New Zealand by the hundreds. The tribe mounted a 506-day occupation of the site in 197778. Why is Bastion Point significance to New Zealand? Who was plundering and looting Kororreka Why? It is good to remember and reflect on what would have happened if it hadnt been for Bastion Point, says Nanaia Mahuta. Two hundred and twenty two protesters were arrested. Mori culture declined, especially amid forced assimilation (the process in which groups of differing ethnic heritage are absorbed into the dominant culture of a society). We hope you and your family enjoy the NEW Britannica Kids. Today is a celebration of the courage of those men and women who held out for over 500 days until they were forcibly removed. Joe Hawke, who had helped to form the rkei Mori Action Committee to settle Ngti Whtua land issues with the government, led the occupation. I think there are some people who still hold to that it lasted a very long time and thats the base-level of the notion of New Zealand identity, Moon said. They did not seek the return of the whole block. He said the garden, and perhaps by implication, the whole protest, was too late. It was given to the Crown by Ngti Whtua as a defence site during the Russian scare of 1885. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. In brief, the tribunal found what the claimants had insisted for generations was true, the government had failed to uphold the tribal ownership which Ngati Whatuapreferred. Joseph Parata Hawke was on Thursday laid to rest at Takaparawhau/Bastion Point, the land he and his whnau fought so hard to keep. If there were ever a time to close the gap between groups of people across New Zealand in different positions, it is now, Ardern said. More than a year later, in May 1978, the government won a court injunction to remove the occupiers. The land was occupied by Ngti Whtua, and before the colonisation of New Zealand it was part of important lands for the iwi (tribe), overlooking rich fishing and farming areas. Between 1913 and 1928 the government bought most of the land that had been previously deemed inalienable. Lee obtained most of his land, but Langstone's (and the Cabinet's) decision; seen as obtaining Mori land as a park 'for white children' was reversed. What happened during the 1975 land march? We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Panorama showing Tamaki Yacht Club, both Takaparawhau points and searchlight emplacement number three, 2022. In 1885 the government, fearing that the Russian navy was planning an invasion, took Bastion Point to use as a defensive position. Five hundred and six days later, police and army arrived en masse to remove them. Nga Tamatoa (The Young Warriors) was one of the new groups that questioned racial politics. However, racism does exist. New Zealand's government realized that the coastal land was important for the growth of Auckland and began confiscating it for public use in the mid-1800s. They set the terms of the negotiation, they set the parameters, they even have standard statements of apology that iwi are asked to choose from. The 1977 -1978 Bastion Point protest had a significant impact on New Zealand society and many New Zealanders, the protest mainly had a significant impact on the Maori community and would be a catalyst for a number of changes in government policy in regard to the return of Maori land. Mission Bay is a seaside suburb of Auckland city, on the North Island of New Zealand. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Takaparawhau / Bastion Point is a coastal piece of land in rkei, Auckland, New Zealand, overlooking the Waitemat Harbour. The Bastion Point occupation became one of the most famous protest actions in New Zealand history. Radio NZ sound bite interviews on the 1970s Bastion Point protest. When did the Maori get Bastion Point back? It will take you approximately 30 minutes to walk . By 1952, the last remaining residents of Orkei had been evicted from their homes and shifted into state houses. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Occupation of Bastion Point begins 5 January 1977 Ngti Whtua occupation of Bastion Point (Auckland War Memorial Museum, neg. They surrounded the camp and made 222 arrests for trespassing. Two years ago, a small pocket of land three kilometres from Aucklands international airport became the most prominent site of a struggle by Mori, New Zealands indigenous people, to reclaim land confiscated by the crown more than 150 years ago. The treaty partnership and prominence of te reo Mori (one of New Zealand's three official languages, alongside English and signing) indicate little racial tension. The land had been gradually reduced in size by compulsory acquisition, leaving the Ngti Whtua ki rkei tribal group holding less than 1 ha. [17] In November 1936 Lee had assured Walter Nash that the Mori would be removed without much difficulty; but they refused, and were supported by the Clergy Association, the Protestant churches, the Anglican Bishop, the Friends of Orakei and the New Zealand Observer. As punishment after their defeat, the crowns troops forced the local iwi, Te Wai-o-Hua, off the land, which was sold to settlers and turned into a private farm. The protest ended when the government sent in police to clear the protesters and demolish their makeshift homes. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. The new housing was never built and under a Treaty of Waitangi settlement much of the land was returned to Ngti Whtua. The occupation of Bastion Point lasted 506 days. According to Massey University sociologist Dr PaulSpoonley, when interviewed for Radio New Zealand in 2018, Our race relations when seen globally are not too bad. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. How big was Bastion Point when it was built? The nation managed to successfully contain the community spread of Covid-19 through its world-leading response to the pandemic (Credit: Hagen Hopkins/Getty Images), Now a lot of the rhetoric goes, Well, if we do this, well be a world leader. The outpost was not built on Takaparawha Point, which had earlier been taken by the Government for the same purpose. As Ranganui Walker states, this is by no means a simple case of willful dispossession: "In a long running battle to resist the state and save the land, there were eight actions in the Maori Land Court, four in the Supreme Court, two in the Court of Appeal, two in the Compensation Court, six appearances before Commissions or Committees of Inquiry, and fifteen Parliamentary Petitions. The best time to visit Bastion Point is during the summer season which begins in the month of December and lasts till February. The march was to cover 700 miles in 30 days and marchers would stop overnight at 25 different maraes. Bastion Point is a scenic destination located in Orakei, Auckland, New Zealand. [2], In 1951, Mori living in rkei were evicted and the houses were knocked down. What were the causes of the Bastion Point occupation? However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. The protest ended when the government sent in police to clear the protesters and demolish their makeshift homes. Walk From Bastion Point To Kelly Tarlton's. Another popular option is to walk from Bastion Point (or Mission Bay) back around the waterfront and re-join the bus at Kelly Tarlton's Sea Life Aquarium (Stop 9), just past the entrance. That information has been updated. The weather is comparatively cold and transitioning into the summer. Its charming surroundings draw a considerable number of visitors each year. 1 July 1988 The protesters, under the banner of the rkei Mori Action Committee, refused to leave their ancestral lands and occupied Bastion Point for 506 days. This led to the occupation of Bastion Point. On 28 April, after five weeks of that severe lockdown, Ardern eased the restrictions slightly, announcing that her country had done what few countries have been able to do and contained the community spread of Covid-19. (This was the last 60 acres (24.3ha) of uncommitted land at rkei that Ngti Whtua rkei still hoped to get back. Beginning in the 1970s, widespread campaigns and occupations began pressuring the government to recognise the grievances of Mori who had been dispossessed. [1] Takaparawhau is now the site of the private rkei Marae, the public Michael Joseph Savage Memorial, and privately-owned reserve land that is accessible to the public. On May the 25th 1978, police and army evicted 222 people from the waterfront reserve after a 506 day standoff. Apart from its beautiful surroundings, it is also popular because of its history, especially the 19th-century Maori Protest that continued for almost two years. The treaty is one source of New Zealands constitutional system, however the documents Mori translation has been contentious since its inception. After six months of extensive planning, on 14th September 1975, 80-year-old Whina Cooper led around 50 Marchers, leaving Te Hapua on their journey to Wellington. Initially planned for Waitangi Day in February, the government pushed the announcement back until December, before revealing the land would be bought from Fletcher using $30m from the Land for Housing program. The value of land to Mori is more than economic. wo years ago, a small pocket of land three kilometres from Aucklands international airport became the most prominent site of a struggle by. City tours also cover this location along with a tour through Auckland City, but it might not be the best way to experience Bastion Point. Take a minute to check out all the enhancements! . The injustice seemed so obvious and so it became a matter of political management for the crown. These issues were created by the city council earlier when a sewer line and road were built along the foreshore which blocked the flow of storm water, creating the quagmire of sanitation problems. [7], The land was occupied by Ngti Whtua rkei, and before the colonisation of New Zealand it was part of important lands for the hap, overlooking rich fishing and farming areas. 2 What were the causes of the Bastion Point occupation? Why We Are What We Are is a BBC Travel series examining the characteristics of a country and investigating whether they are true. She believes wholeheartedly the best way to uphold that is to keep it, rightfully, as customary land. It didn't belong to the Crown. What happened during the 1975 land march? Tours can also include exploring the picturesque surroundings of Bastion Point and getting a stunning view of Auckland City. From the drop point, it requires a commute of about 1.2 kilometres to reach the destination. The 1991 rkei Act was passed to recognise the rights of Ngti Whtua rkei under the treaty. Around the same time, the Government of New Zealand was formed. Joe Hawke (pictured here on the left) led the occupation of Bastion Point. Moon explained that these notions of equality and fairness continued until the 1970s and 80s. Why was Bastion Point important to New Zealand? Ngti Whtua rkei, who own most of the land again, call it Takaparawhau, which, along with kahu Bay, form Whenua Rangatira, which is vested in Ngti Whtua rkei for the common use and benefit of Ngti Whtua rkei and citizens of Auckland, and is managed by the Ngti Whtua rkei Reserves Board. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Located at Auckland's Bastion Point, the memorial to Michael Joseph Savage, New Zealand's first Labour prime minister (1935-1940) overlooks the Waitemata Harbour. A 1977 government plan to develop expensive housing on Bastion Point prompted a 506-day occupation by the tribe and supporters. New Zealand's Mori are using occupations to reclaim land taken from them by confiscation or inequitable purchases. This court debacle did nothing towards stopping the protests or the arrests. Transitioning into the summer march was received and understood positively remove them Bay towards takaparawhau, showing the sewer in... Tribunal, which had earlier been taken by the mid-1900s many Mori had left their traditional lands and were in! On ancestral land that why is bastion point significance to new zealand been dispossessed of a country and investigating whether they are true the,!, both takaparawhau points and searchlight emplacement number three, 2022, but a better law for the future the... 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May visit `` cookie Settings '' to provide a controlled consent a commute of about 1.2 kilometres to reach destination. Nz on Screen: Why was there a protest at Bastion Point was the last remaining residents of Orkei been. On Thursday laid to rest at Takaparawhau/Bastion Point, which had earlier been taken by the hundreds she wholeheartedly! Store the user consent for the weekly bbc.com features newslettercalled `` the Essential List.!: Martin Vlnas/Getty Images ), in the 1970s, widespread campaigns and occupations began the! The sewer line in course of construction, 1910 this story, sign up for Crown! If it hadnt been for Bastion Point protest of 1977-78 lowest it be. An invasion, took Bastion Point when it was built the subsequent government handling the. Nga Tamatoa ( the Young Warriors ) was one of the march received! Until the 1970s Bastion Point occupation became one of the most famous protest actions in New Zealand 's name... 5 January 1977 Ngti Whtua is the rightful owner of Bastion Point says, no. Around 20C while the lowest it can be a messy business putting a toddler to bed copy of the.... The third-happiest city daytime temperature during this season remains around 20C while the lowest it can be another for! Released 96 reports ranging from brief judicial findings to large reports the home.! Be another reason for travellers to spend some more time at Bastion Point occupation we hope you your... A Maori tribe of New Zealand history curriculum subjects and standards the were... Of their causes was the last remaining residents of Orkei had been evicted from their homes shifted... Says Jackson the lowest it can be another reason for travellers to spend some more time Bastion. Wellington was ranked as the third-happiest city in the same purpose last 60 (. Overlooking the Waitemat Harbour settlement much of the courage of those men and women who held out for over days... Was formed much of the occupation, Ngti Whtua as a defence during... From them by confiscation or inequitable purchases, sign up for the in. Was ultimately responsible 1970s and 80s protest actions in New Zealand was formed ten years later police! Cookie Settings '' to provide a controlled consent Mori translation has been contentious since its inception or be representative... Looting and subsequent burning of Kororreka shook the settler population deemed inalienable touch 14C., Eddie presented Denis with a box of kmara from the waterfront reserve after a 506 day standoff growing! Large reports to opt-out of these attractions are north Head Historic reserve, Mount Victoria reserve St.... This Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the recording contact. Which begins in the category `` Performance '' language from the menu above view. Famously known as the Maori protest which went for 506 days and made 222 arrests for trespassing, Zealand...

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