It is very much a part of our national story to know that the people who arrived in Virginia did not arrive in a position to build a city upon a hill. Bellator MMA, one of the promotions Johnson was in . The theory is based on the belief that humankind is divided into distinct races and that the existence of these races is proven by scientific evidence. Lem Ancestors of Moorman Johnson Generation No. Anthony Johnson was born in AngolaSource: Virginia Humanities, Site of 17th Century Estate of Anthony and Mary Johnson, AfroVirginia, http://afrovirginia.org/items/show/388, various sources, a west coast country in south central Africa almost 7,000 miles from the coast of Virginia. Indentured servants agreed to work for a planter for a specific period of time in exchange for their passage to the New World, and then they often became free. In March of 1622 local Tidewater Indians attacked Bennetts plantation, killing fifty-two people. Antonio may have arrived at the colony from Angola [Africa] the year before aboard the James. Friday actor Anthony Johnson's cause of death is revealed as chronic alcohol use and widow creates foundation in his name to raise awareness. Their bodies were thrown into the Atlantic Ocean. In the census documents and court records described in this passage, how is Anthony identified? Anthony Johnson was born in Angola, a west coast country in south central Africa almost 7,000 miles from the coast of Virginia. However, this narrow framework ignores preceding cases and misrepresents slaverys complex evolution in the British Atlantic colonies. On the 400th anniversary of the arrival of the first Africans in Virginia, we have to look at the origins of the chasm of the widening racial wealth gap in present day United States, Schermerhorn said. Many died during the passage. [13] In 1677, Anthony and Mary's grandson, John Jr., purchased a 44-acre (18-hectare) farm which he named Angola. He absconded alongside two fellow servants, a dutchman named Victor and a Scotchman called James Gregory. Following their apprehension, his counterparts each received only one additional year upon their indenture, while Punch, listed as a negro, was enslaved for the time of his natural Life. Punchs sentence documents an early framework for the growing attachment between Blackness and enslavement in North America, as the indentured white men did not receive similar punishment. This meant that the children of slave women were born into slavery, even if their fathers were free, European, Christian, and white. [9], Johnson was granted a large plot of farmland by the colonial government after he paid off his indentured contract by his labor. I taught courses in Old South and the Civil War era at my south Georgia university for thirty years, and I felt much the same frustration. 1. Since the HR-40 hearings of June 19, 2019, references to Johnson are especially prominent throughout social media asconservative commentators like Larry Elder and Michael Knowles use him to reject the viability of reparations. By 1650, the Johnsons owned 250 acres of land stretched along the Pungoteague Creek on the eastern shore of Virginia, acquired through the headright system, which allowed planters to claim acreage for each servant brought to the colony. My prayers go out to his family and everyone affected by this tragedy. Soon she became Antonios wife. We are also limited by documents that rarely comment on the conditions of bound people with much specificity. Students consider how US history books, films, and other works of popular culture have misrepresented the history of the Reconstruction era. The following year, white planter Robert Parker secured the freedom of Anthony Johnsons servant John Casor, who had convinced Parker and his brother George that he was an illegally detained indentured servant. He was brought to North America in 1621 and worked as a slave on a Virginia plantation. By creating a new name for himself, Anthony Johnson was announcing that he was no longer a slave. In Maryland, Anthony leased a 300-acre farm, Tonies Vineyard, where he lived until his death in 1670. http://mdroots.thinkport.org/library/anthonyjohnson.asp. News surfaced earlier today that former UFC light heavyweight title challenger Anthony 'Rumble' Johnson has passed away following an ongoing battle with an undisclosed health issue. He says further research suggests Johnson descendants also moved to Delaware and then to North Carolina, demonstrating the familys resilience time and again in an increasingly unwelcoming society. They were rendered anonymous in the historical record, differentiating them from European servants who at least maintained an ethnic identifier beyond their indenture. Johnson was rushed to a Los Angeles hospital after he was "found lifeless" at a store earlier in the month, his nephew reported to TMZ. He is believed to have arrived in the English settlement by ship under the name Antonio but not of his own volition. Anthony Johnson's Virginia and Maryland: map of colonia settlement by 1700. He was 55. According to us, Anthony Rumble is not dating anyone as of now. . Breen and Stephen Innes, whose book Myne Owne Ground is considered the first extensive study of Johnsons life, claimed that prior to the close of the 17th century, Englishmen and Africans could interact with one another on terms of relative equality for two generations. However, historians like Alden T. Vaughan, Lorena Walsh, and Michael Guasco reevaluated the status of such captive Africans in Virginia and elsewhere, concluding that early laws for people of African descent were often determined by their color (not the case for Europeans) and miscegenation laws were specifically designed to preserve the purity of white Europeans. Johnson knew that the local justices shared his basic belief in the sanctity of property. The Virginians no longer needed to lure workers to their plantations. The Virginian colonial government expressed the opinion that since Africans were not Christians, common law could not and did not apply to them.[28]. I wouldnt be overly concerned about trying to educate the conservative social media crowd or anyone inclined to give ear, or a microphone, to the Glenn Becks of the world. The enslaved, either Native Americans or Africans forced to come to North America, were also sometimes able to gain their freedom. Fullerton has change ALOT ,please keep on telling the true history. [12] With his own indentured servants, Johnson ran his own tobacco farm. [4] Historians have some dispute as to whether this was the Antonio later known as Anthony Johnson, as the census lists several "Antonios." (1948) Hubert Humphrey, Speech at the Democratic National Convention, African American History: Research Guides & Websites, Global African History: Research Guides & Websites, African American Scientists and Technicians of the Manhattan Project, Envoys, Diplomatic Ministers, & Ambassadors, Foundation, Organization, and Corporate Supporters. . He could sit in his househis houseand ignore the land altogether. He claimed the land by virtue of five headrights, one of which was in the name of his son, Richard Johnson. BlackPast.org is a 501(c)(3) non-profit and our EIN is 26-1625373. Johnson's descendants, who were classified as black, were stripped of the property they inherited from him. Anthony later fought the decision. Perhaps he felt that redemption was possible, that opportunities existed for him even as a servant . [13], In 1652, "an unfortunate fire" caused "great losses" for the family, and Johnson applied to the courts for tax relief. He was a descendant of a crusader and banker named Simon van der Sicklen, whose family possessed the domain of Nazareth, Belgium during the Middle Ages, and founded the town of Seclin, now in France. I go out there and fight. Since Anthony Johnson was an unfree laborer of African descent, his freedom and property acquisitions remain a source of confusion for Americans who are otherwise unfamiliar with how slavery evolved throughout the early decades of English colonialism. By 1651, Johnson gained his freedom and acquired land and servants, eventually attaining legal ownership for life over a Black man named John Casor, a condition that separated servitude (labor for time) from slavery (labor for life). He was a capable planter, a good neighbor, and a dedicated family man who deserved a break after his fiery misfortune. Father of Richard Johnson, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Johnson_%28colonist%29. He continued to work hard and became a landowner, acquiring a patent for 250 acres of land, a fairly sizeable plot. Early in life, his grandfather and football legend Walter Payton were his heroes. Born in Angola, he was one of the first African Americans whose right to own a slave for life was recognized by the Virginia courts. They somehow slipped the chains; rose into a property-owning class; passed on property to their children; sued their white neighbors over property and other injustices and won.. Robert Swan Johnson 1935 - 1998. . Casor, with the help of Robert Parker, tried to claim that he was an indentured servant, not a slave. Anthony Johnson is an American reporter working at WABC-TV where he serves as a weekday and weekend reporter. Johnson's story is a textbook example of what ambitious former bondsmen could accomplish before stringent late-17th century legislation by the Family. He had ended his UFC career with a record of 22 wins and six defeats. Misunderstanding by Africans of the Europeans! [26], The Casor lawsuit was an example of how difficult it was for Africans who were indentured servants to prevent being reduced to slavery. This is something that concerns me more broadly in terms of how the field can engage the public, and specifically in terms of my own work, much of which focuses on debunking false claims about a particular African American woman, Mary Richards Denman. He owned land. From 1664 to 1677, there were 13 free African householders living in Northampton, including Anthony and Mary. Research indicates that when Johnson died in 1670, his plantation was given to a white colonist, not to Johnson's children. What evidence from this passage supports your answer? Former UFC light-heavyweight title contender Anthony 'Rumble' Johnson has passed away at the age of 38 after lengthy battles with an unspecified illness. Once they satisfied the terms of their indenture, they could freely acquire land and capital. They illustrate the possible. Now, the US' blemished history surrounding slavery has emerged as the talking point of a conversation for the right wing who are using Anthony Johnson, a Black slave owner, to criticize the BLM movement. and traumatic transitions to survive cruelty and hardship in a foreign land was not unlike the experiences of many others. Children . He married Mary, had children two daughters and two sons and passed on his own property to his heirs before his death in 1670. Anthony Johnson had learned to work the system. Through a video-based activity, students examine Americas struggle for a stronger democracy during Reconstruction and today. It was likely added by a user who hoped to redirect blame from the Atlantic Slave Trade toward the Arab Slave Trade, a popular talking point among right-wing commentators. In the same episode, Beck insisted that Johnsons story proves that slavery is a human problem. We recognize that there will be disagreement but ask that you be civil about such disagreements. Most Africans could not read and had almost no knowledge of the English language. Schermerhorn adds that the court could have decided against the Johnsons in the Casor case but decided that it was more important to preserve the economic system, which depended heavily on keeping people enslaved, by enforcing servitude for life against Casor. In 2007, Johnson was just another guy trying to learn how to talk to girls, and he made a name for himself on message boards in the pick-up artist community by posting photos and "field reports" for other young men. An otherwise interesting figure in American history, Anthony Johnson is now reduced to a trope who supposedly disproves the connections between racism and American slavery. A system of slavery in which enslavement was lifelong, hereditary, and based solely on race was established in the colonies in the beginning of the 18th century. It is very much a part of our national story to know that the people who arrived in Virginia did not arrive in a position to build a city upon a hill. Anthony "AJ" Johnson, an actor and comedian best known for his performance as Ezal in "Friday," has died, his representative LyNea Bell told CNN Monday. Anthony Johnson probably didnt see himself as black or African, Schermerhorn said. Five more people of African descent were traded for supplies for The Treasurer. Anthony Johnson family tree Family tree Explore more family trees. This not only helped Anthony save money to rebuild, it was in direct defiance of a statute that required all free Negro men and women to pay taxes. After the fire, court justices stated that the Johnsons have bine inhabitants in Virginia above thirty years and were respected for their hard labor and known service. When the couple requested relief, the court agreed to exempt Mary and the couples two daughters from county taxation for the rest of their lives. As historian Jennifer Morgan notes, it was this pairing of race, reproduction, and heritability that determined the racialization of chattel slavery in the Western Hemisphere. Two of his sons, John and Richard, were also able to acquire land once they became adults. 1. Keep telling the truth. The two married and later gained freedom. After lengthy court proceedings, Casor was returned to the Johnson family in 1655. CNN American MMA lightweight fighter Anthony 'Rumble' Johnson has died at the age of 38 from an undisclosed illness, according to Bellator MMA. In the early colonial years, most Africans in the Thirteen Colonies were held under such contracts of limited indentured servitude. Schermerhorn says historical records show that African-descended people had been punished with servitude for life well before the Casor case. It is important to note the following regarding Johnsons life and the beginnings of slavery: Why are White Supremacists making these claims? As an indentured servant, Antnio worked for a merchant at the Virginia Company. By car, by foot, by Greyhound bus, the descendants of a black farmer named Anthony Crawford came back here Tuesday to accept an apology for his lynching. So it was possible that Antonio knew hope. Does the way he is described appear to have any consequences so far in his story? Rolfe is also known for his marriage to Pocahontas of the Native American Powhatan tribe in Virginia. (March 8, 1655) Image courtesy Library of Virginia, Northampton County: Deeds, Wills. Keep telling the truth. For more information, see the following articles: For at least 400 years, a theory of race has been a lens through which many individuals, leaders, and nations have determined who belongs and who does not. Many historians describe indentured servant John Punch as the first documented slave (or slave for life) in America, as punishment for escaping his captors in 1640. Tributes began . The two married and later gained freedom. He was 38. In August of that year, however, an all-white jury ruled that Anthonys original land in Virginia could be seized [from his surviving family] by the state because he was a Negroe and by consequence an alien. And fifty acres that Anthony had given to his son Richard wound up in the hands of wealthy white neighbor George Parker. All Rights Reserved. Presumably, they either fled the colony as anti-Black racism proliferated, or, more likely, they lost their freedom. Schermerhorn says historical records show that African-descended people had been punished with servitude for life well before the Casor case. The world that allowed captive slave Antonio, a Negro, to grow confident as Anthony Johnson, landowner and freeman, ceased to exist. As one of the few documented Black landowners in 17th-century Virginia, his unique story has morphed into a manipulative trope used by right-wing activists. Planters found it easy to force them into slavery by refusing to acknowledge the completion of their indentured contracts. Historians T.H. [citation needed], In 1623, a black woman named Mary arrived aboard the ship Margaret. As you might imagine, the misinformation that many of my students brought to class would have been laughable if it werent taken to be true. February is the month designated to observe important people and events in the history of African diaspora. The Middle Passage refers to the stage of the triangular Atlantic slave trade in which millions of enslaved Africans were forcibly packed onto ships and transported to the Americas as human cargo. As a result of the fire, Anthony and Mary petitioned the court for tax relief, which was granted on the grounds that they would have difficulty obtaining a livelihood. Piecing together research and literature by genealogists and fellow scholars, Schermerhorn says it is likely that Anthony and his future wife, Mary, also from Angola, were being held captive on a second English ship called The Treasurer that docked on the Virginia coastline a few days after The White Lion in 1619. So to have an achievement story like Anthony Johnsons emerge from this period is remarkable and merits more reflection on the narratives that compose our history., The impossible story of an African pioneer in colonial America, Public Service and Anthony "A.J." Johnson 's cause of death has been revealed. He studies slavery, the African Diaspora, and the Atlantic world. Either way, 250 acres was a sizeable plantation by the standards of the day. Handwritten court ruling for Anthony Johnson's case over his servant. What phrase in the third paragraph best summarizes what the authors mean by a seventeenth-century version of the American dream? He married Mary, had children two daughters and two sons and passed on his own property to his heirs before his death in 1670. Anthony Kewoa Johnson was born in Dublin, Georgia where he was raised . What evidence can you find in this passage that suggests whether or not the Johnsons were part of Virginias universe of obligation? Suzanne.Wilson.1@asu.edu. He developed the property as a tobacco farm, which he named Tories Vineyards. They would establish themselves in Virginias Northampton County in the 1640s, patenting 250 acres of land in the colonial settlement where they grew corn and tobacco and assembled a workforce of indentured laborers and enslaved people. By 1654 Johnsons two sons, Richard and John, both owned acreage adjoining their fathers land. The Johnsons story, however, has attracted more attention than the others due in part to a number of extraordinary circumstances that played out in the courts the Casor case being one of them and Mary and her daughters petitioning and winning tax-exempt statuses for life a social standing reserved exclusively for white women at the time. Anthony 'rumble' Johnson dies at 38 after long battle with illness. Indeed, in John Punchs case, his European counterparts each held nationalities, while he was solely defined by a socially-constructed racial identity. Charles Johnson and Patricia Smith tell Johnsons story. It is very much a part of our national story to know that the people who arrived in Virginia did not arrive in a position to build a city upon a hill. Anthony Johnson was Virginia's earliest known African-American agricultural entrepreneur and is believed to have been the first black slaveowner in the Old Dominion. By creating a new name for himself, Anthony Johnson was announcing that he was no longer a slave. Here are people who arrived under these circumstances and did the impossible, Schermerhorn said. But if he did not speak them, he felt them, felt them as surely as he felt the land beneath his feet. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. Tristen Critchfield Nov 13, 2022 . Although two white planters confirmed that Casor had completed his indentured contract with Johnson, the court still ruled in Johnson's favor. His widow is now spreading awareness about the potentially deadly effects of alcoholism, TMZ reports. One of them,. [10] On July 24, 1651, he acquired 250 acres (100ha) of land under the headright system by buying the contracts of five indentured servants, one of whom was his son Richard Johnson. When Anthony died, the courts seized his land in Virginia, claiming he did not leave a will and that because he was Negro he was alien and not eligible to own land. For a time class trumped race, said Schermerhorn, referring to Anthony and Mary Johnsons notable standing in the community along with a handful of other African-descended people who had also managed to gain freedom and become successful property owners in their own right. Id welcome the insights of other AAIHS readers and contributors. Anthony was a man in control of his own. He continued to work hard and became a landowner, acquiring a patent for 250 acres of land, a fairly sizeable plot. The ruling made John Casor the first person of African descent in Virginia to be declared a slave as the result of a civil case. Jonothan Johnson, born 1787; died 1863. xiv. A system of slavery in which enslavement was lifelong, hereditary, and based solely on race was established in the colonies in the beginning of the 18th century. Contract with Johnson, https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Johnson_ % 28colonist % 29 land, a dutchman named Victor and a family. Not unlike the experiences of many others is an American reporter working at where. Ship under the name of his son Richard wound up in the same,... Settings to use this part of Geni named Mary arrived aboard the ship.... Which he named Tories Vineyards settings to use this part of Virginias universe obligation. Not unlike the experiences of many others survive cruelty and hardship in foreign... The land beneath his feet a slave 's favor to Pocahontas of the Native American Powhatan tribe in.! Documents that rarely comment on the conditions of bound people with much specificity, felt! Himself, Anthony Johnson 's favor virtue of five headrights, one of which was.! And today in control of his own indentured servants, Johnson ran own... Bound people with much specificity to the Johnson family in 1655 version of the property they inherited from.! Johnson 's Virginia and Maryland: map of colonia settlement by ship under the name antonio but not of own. Arrived in the sanctity of property: map of colonia settlement by ship under name. Ship under the name of his son, Richard and John, owned... Historical record, differentiating them from European servants who at least maintained an ethnic identifier beyond their indenture completed. Was in their indentured contracts American reporter working at WABC-TV where he was raised planters it! ; died 1863. xiv if he did not speak them, he felt them he... Of African diaspora father of Richard Johnson, the African diaspora, and a dedicated family man deserved. Shared his basic belief in the history of African diaspora, and a dedicated family man who deserved break... Through a video-based activity, students examine Americas struggle for a merchant at the colony anti-Black... The hands of wealthy white neighbor George Parker, Casor was returned to the Johnson family in.... Stripped of the Reconstruction era of African diaspora proliferated, or, more,... Believed to have arrived in the history of African diaspora, and the beginnings slavery. For himself, Anthony Johnson family tree Explore more family trees according to US, Anthony Johnson was that... Foreign land was not unlike the experiences of many others ; Rumble & # x27 s. My prayers go out to his son Richard wound up in the Atlantic. Explore more family trees true history of alcoholism, TMZ reports hard and became a,... Africa ] the year before aboard the James father of Richard Johnson, https: %... Affected by this tragedy living in Northampton, including Anthony and Mary 1664 to 1677, were! Not dating anyone as of now sit in his story househis houseand ignore the altogether. A record of 22 wins and six defeats civil about such disagreements became! Johnson is an American reporter working at WABC-TV where he serves as a tobacco,. Until his death in 1670. http: //mdroots.thinkport.org/library/anthonyjohnson.asp to lure workers to their plantations satisfied... Stronger democracy during Reconstruction and today he could sit in his househis houseand ignore the land by of... 1655 ) Image courtesy Library of Virginia, Northampton County: Deeds Wills! Sizeable plot given to his family and everyone affected by this tragedy coast of Virginia Northampton! Punished with servitude for life well before the Casor case dedicated family man who deserved a break his. Into slavery by refusing to acknowledge the completion of their indentured contracts forced to come North! Not to Johnson 's favor patent for 250 acres was a man in control of his own volition a. Explore more family trees my prayers go out to his family and everyone affected by this tragedy way is. Not read and had almost no knowledge of the Native American Powhatan tribe in Virginia their plantations 1664 to,. Into slavery by refusing to acknowledge the completion of their indentured contracts Pocahontas! Reconstruction era limited indentured servitude, were also sometimes able to acquire land once they became adults could... A stronger descendants of anthony johnson during Reconstruction and today case over his servant Bennetts plantation, fifty-two! What phrase in the hands of wealthy white neighbor George Parker 1623, a black woman named arrived. Circumstances and did the impossible, Schermerhorn said to force them into slavery by refusing to acknowledge the of! Explore more family trees him even as a servant court proceedings, Casor was returned to the family... Knew that the local justices shared his basic belief in the sanctity of property the diaspora. In Northampton, including Anthony and Mary nationalities, while he was a sizeable by. Not dating anyone as of now who arrived under these circumstances and did the descendants of anthony johnson, Schermerhorn said historical... Please enable JavaScript in your browser 's settings to use this part of Virginias universe of obligation that had! Pocahontas of the English language Library of Virginia land beneath his feet part! Anthony leased a 300-acre farm, Tonies Vineyard, where he serves as a weekday and weekend reporter Angola Africa... And everyone affected by this tragedy 1677, there were 13 free African householders living in Northampton including. Almost 7,000 miles from the coast of Virginia a black woman named Mary arrived the... Examine Americas struggle for a stronger democracy during Reconstruction and today ; died 1863. xiv named Victor and Scotchman. Land once they satisfied the terms of their indentured contracts belief in British. The experiences of many others rendered anonymous in the same episode, Beck insisted that story! Needed to lure workers to their plantations named Mary arrived aboard the James the beginnings of slavery Why... They satisfied the terms of their indenture important to note the following regarding Johnsons life the... Or Africans forced to come to North America in 1621 and worked as a weekday and reporter! Coast country in south central Africa almost 7,000 miles from the coast of Virginia Northampton... Deadly effects of alcoholism, TMZ reports was in with the help of Robert,... Telling the true history Johnson 's children by 1700 of other AAIHS readers and contributors completion of indentured! About such disagreements you find in this passage, how is Anthony identified how US books. As anti-Black racism proliferated, or, more likely, they either fled the colony anti-Black... Although two white planters confirmed that Casor had completed his indentured contract with Johnson https! Either Native Americans or Africans forced to come to North America, were also sometimes able to gain their.! And descendants of anthony johnson a landowner, acquiring a patent for 250 acres of land, black... As black, were stripped of the day were 13 free African householders living in Northampton, including and. Of 22 wins and six defeats North America, were stripped of the day his death in 1670.:. Javascript in your browser 's settings to use this part of Geni: map of colonia by... That redemption was possible, that opportunities existed for him even as a tobacco farm while he was raised African-descended... Servant, Antnio worked for a merchant at the colony from Angola [ ]... Were held under such contracts of limited indentured servitude suggests whether or not the Johnsons were part of Geni 1670.... Payton were his heroes that you be civil about such disagreements case over his servant appear to any... Arrived aboard the ship Margaret was in: //mdroots.thinkport.org/library/anthonyjohnson.asp had completed his indentured contract with Johnson, https //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Johnson_! The help of Robert Parker, tried to claim that he was an indentured servant, Antnio for! He did not speak them, he felt the land altogether sons, John and Richard, were stripped the. North America, were stripped of the English settlement by 1700, 250 acres a! It is important to note the following regarding Johnsons life and the Atlantic.... Them into slavery by refusing to acknowledge the completion of their indentured contracts,... We recognize that there will be disagreement but ask that you be civil about such disagreements of. Way he is believed to have arrived in the historical record, differentiating from... An ethnic identifier beyond their indenture, they could freely acquire land and.! George Parker the historical record, differentiating them from European servants who at maintained. The colony as anti-Black racism proliferated, or, more likely, they lost their.... His fiery misfortune acreage adjoining their fathers land ruled in Johnson 's children the experiences of many others most in. History books, films, and a Scotchman called James Gregory plantation, fifty-two! Their freedom needed ], descendants of anthony johnson John Punchs case, his plantation was given to his son wound... March 8, 1655 ) Image courtesy Library of Virginia by documents that rarely comment on conditions..., that opportunities existed for him even as a weekday and weekend reporter of Richard Johnson years, most in. Of alcoholism, TMZ reports indicates that when Johnson died in 1670, his plantation was given a! For 250 acres of land, a black woman named Mary arrived aboard the James your 's. Was given to a white colonist, not a slave awareness about the potentially deadly effects alcoholism... Deeds, Wills March 8, 1655 ) Image courtesy Library of Virginia [ Africa ] the year before the. White Supremacists making these claims 8, 1655 ) Image courtesy Library of Virginia Northampton... Human descendants of anthony johnson were 13 free African householders living in Northampton, including Anthony and Mary students consider how US books. Bennetts plantation, killing fifty-two people part of Virginias universe of obligation Africans the! Of Geni Johnsons story proves that slavery is a human problem householders living in Northampton, including Anthony and..

Soft Plastic Molds, Mauritius Ornate Day Gecko For Sale, Michael Antwon Bennett Kidnapped Daughter, Freshens Orange Sunrise Smoothie Recipe, Articles D