[34]:34 The show featured six buffalo, a bear, and a monkey, and one show ended in disaster when a buffalo refused to act, prompting Hickok to fire a bullet into the sky. The couple had a daughter, who also became an accomplished performer and horseback rider. ), 18721886. He worked as a technical writer on the Atlas, Minuteman, and Titan missile-launching systems, as well as Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. During the Civil War, Wild Bill Hickok served in the Union Army as a civilian scout and later a provost marshal. According to the Harpers account, Hickok, while guiding a detachment of Union cavalry through southern Nebraska, decided to stop and visit an old friend, Wellmans wife, at Rock Creek Station. Martha (her name wasnt even Jane) had several husbands and a daughter, Jessie, who died in Los Angeles in 1960. The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok was a 1950s TV series starring Guy Madison and Andy Devine. The gun did not sell because the highest bid of $220,000 was less than the reserve set by the gun's owners.[76]. The event haunted Hickok for the rest of his life. McLintock used a cane to tap the body, face, and head, finding no soft tissue anywhere. Leaving Springfield, he was recommended for the position of deputy federal marshal at Fort Riley, Kansas. She appears to have finally learned the truth by the time she died in 1980, for her death certificate correctly lists her mothers maiden name as Canary. Few could help her verify the truth, and Jean McCormick was of little help. In the film version, Howard Keel co-stars as Hickok to Doris Day's Calamity Jane. Wild Bill Hickok, byname of James Butler Hickok, (born May 27, 1837, Homer [now Troy Grove], Illinois, U.S.died August 2, 1876, Deadwood, Dakota Territory [now in South Dakota, U.S.]), American frontiersman, army scout, and lawman who helped bring order to the frontier West. Later, after bragging of his murder of Hickok, McCall was retried in Laramie, Wyoming Territory, found guilty, and hanged on March 1, 1877. He was one of the early heroes of the West popularized in the dime novels of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They traveled to Deadwood, South Dakota, together and were acquaintances, but there is no evidence of a romance (especially on his part). There the familys small farm served as a stop on the Underground Railroad. Hickok and Lanihan, however, remained sheriff and deputy, respectively. Overall, it was reported that Hickok had killed over 100 men during his lifetime. A second son, named Lorenzo Butler Hickok, was born in October of 1831 but died soon thereafter. Most modern retailers of Old West period clothing seem to sell only banded collared shirts, yet old photographs show cowboys did wear shirts with collars. Hickok is a playable character in the 2018 board game Deadwood 1876 by Faade Games. "[27], While in Springfield, Hickok and a local gambler named Davis Tutt had several disagreements over unpaid gambling debts and their common affection for the same women. Horace Hickok was born in October of 1834. This cemetery filled quickly, and in 1879, on the third anniversary of Hickok's original burial, Utter paid to move Hickok's remains to the new Mount Moriah Cemetery. On October 5, 1871, Hickok was standing off a crowd during a street brawl when Coe fired two shots. They performed together until Bill was tragically murdered in 1869. From William Alonzo and Polly Butler's marriage, they welcomed six children in total, and HIckon is the fourth among them all. [68], As I write the closing lines of this brief sketch, word reaches me that the slayer of Wild Bill has been rearrested by the United State [sic?] Jane claimed that James Butler Hickok was the father of her child Jean . In more recent times, however, Calamity Jane biographer James McLaird disproved McCormicks claim by researching when and how her fantastic autobiography unfolded. After the war Hickok continued his adventurous ways, at times just skirting the right side of the law. When he saw Hickok, he leveled his cocked rifle at him. The story quickly became newspaper and magazine fodder. [3] [4] James was the fourth of six children. All rights reserved. [81], Hickok's birthplace is now the Wild Bill Hickok Memorial and is a listed historic site under the supervision of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. Within a month of the birth, newspapers tracked her to a hurdy-gurdy house in Livingston. In 1857, Hickok claimed a 160-acre (65ha) tract in Johnson County, Kansas, near present-day Lenexa. Good bye, Colorado Charlie, C. H. Utter. Jesse James suffered from it. The family did some moving around during this time period and the next child, James Butler Hickok, was born in May of 1837. [31], Several weeks later, an interview Hickok gave to Colonel George Ward Nichols, a journalist who subsequently became known as the creator of the Hickok legend,[32] was published in Harper's New Monthly Magazine. He fought against slavery with General James Lane in Kansas, and operated as a constable in Johnson County. Although the show brought Hickok some much-needed income, he was unhappy, began drinking heavily, and returned to the West in March 1874. During the Civil War he found employment as a teamster and spy for the Union Army. [46]:4558[48] A newspaper reported, "A man was killed in his bed at a hotel in Abilene, Monday night, by a desperado called 'Arkansas'. But by January 1903 she was back with her mother once more, a fact verified by the Belle Fourche Bee in South Dakota. Between her birth in the 1850s and her death in 1903, Jane left a dizzying trail as she blazed around the west. A young drifter named Jack McCall walked in and approached Hickok from behind. [74] He wore his revolvers butt-forward in a belt or sash (when wearing city clothes or buckskins, respectively), and seldom used holsters; he drew the pistols using a "reverse", "twist", or cavalry draw, as would a cavalryman. McCall was tried and acquitted of murder as a result of his dubious claim that the killing was in revenge for Hickoks murder of his brother in Abilene. Hickoks family emigrated from England in 1635 to Massachusetts, where his great-grandfather responded to the British march on Lexington and Concord at the beginning of the American Revolution. Some contemporaneous reports of his exploits are known to be fictitious, but they remain the basis of much of his fame and reputation. A classmate later remembered the children teasing Jessie about her mother, throwing stones at her while shouting, Calamity Jane! They even did a stint abroad, performing for one season in Germany in 1862. Only station employees were allowed to testify at the trial (testimony by McCanless son was barred), and the verdict was that the men had acted in self-defense. [43], On April 15, 1871, Hickok became marshal of Abilene, Kansas. Infuriated, Thompson tried to incite John Wesley Hardin to kill Hickok by exclaiming to Hardin that "He's a damn Yankee. [d] The jury voted to clear Hickok, resulting in public backlash and criticism of the verdict. Wild Bill Hickok certainly was: The man born in 1837 to William Alonso and Polly Butler Hickok found his superpower, expert marksmanship, at a young age, and went on to have all sorts of adventures. One account of him, written in the late 1860s, described Hickok as six feet tall, lithe, active, sinewy, [a] daring rider, [a] dead shot with pistol and rifle, [with] long locks, fine features and mustache, buckskin leggings, red shirt, broad-brim hat, twin pistols in belt, rifle in hand. Despite his rough-and-ready ways, Hickok was also said to have been genteel and courteous and to have enjoyed dressing with panache in the latest styles of the day. After his release, McCall had lingered in Deadwood for a short while before heading to Wyoming. In 1954 an episode of Gunsmoke on CBS radio featured John Dehner as Hickok. William Austin, the cemetery caretaker, estimated 500lb (230kg). Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. It was the last word on a true child of one of the wildest women of the west. When Jane arrived in Deadwood, South Dakota in 1895, she told others that she needed money to enrol Jessie in a convent school at Sturgis. On the afternoon of August 2, 1876, he was playing cards with his back to the door, something he seldom did. Last, there is Jessiethe most credible of Calamity Janes daughters. As a result, calcium carbonate from the surrounding soil had replaced the flesh, leading to petrifaction. Bill and Jane are buried next to each other in Deadwoods Mount Moriah Cemetery. Children: Possibly two daughters; . August marks of the deaths of two of the Wild West's most famous figures: Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane. Nick McGlashan loved his family, friends and fans. The murderer escaped. Shes all Ive got to live fer; shes my only comfort [sic]. Fox described Jessie as neatly dressed but shy and embarrassed. Yet she had a bright face, and her manners were very good for one whose opportunities had been so few.. During the next several years he appeared in Buffalo Bill Codys Wild West Show, living off his fame as the consummate gunfighter. On August 2, 1876, Wild Bill Hickok died a sudden, violent death while gambling in a saloon in Deadwood, South Dakota. 2 Revolver on Offer at Bonhams This Fall", "Wild Bill Hickok's Death-Day Revolver Fails to Sell at California Auction", "Wild-Bill-Hickok - Trailer - Cast - Showtimes", "Josh Brolin as James Butler Hickok (aka Wild Bill)", https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0028/2964/7961/files/Deadwood_1876_Rules_English.pdf?4346553514003986582, Black Hills War, or Great Sioux War (1876), Cheyenne-Black Hills Stage Route (18761887), Sidney-Black Hills Stage Road (18761887), Rapid City, Black Hills and Western Railroad (18931947), Fossil Cycad National Monument (19221957), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wild_Bill_Hickok&oldid=1141945329, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox person with multiple parents, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, James B. Hickok, J.B. Hickok, Shanghai Bill, William Hickok, William Haycock, Bird, Roy (1979). Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Following his Civil War service, Wild Bill Hickok moved to Kansas where he was appointed sheriff in Hays City and marshal of Abilene. Hickok was assigned to bring the men to Topeka for trial, and he requested a military escort from Fort Hays. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The way Wild Bill conducted himself in his later years was a direct correlation for what he did when he was a young boy. The Harper's piece also told the story of how Hickok had pointed to a letter "O" that was "no bigger than a man's heart." Wild Bill Hickok was one of the early "Heroes of the West." He had built a reputation as an extraordinary gunfighter with a sense of fairness and justice. He was released on $2,000 bail and stood trial on August 3, 1865. At the [second] trial it was suggested that [McCall] was hired to do his work by gamblers who feared the time when better citizens should appoint Bill the champion of law and order a post which he formerly sustained in Kansas border life, with credit to his manhood and his courage. Upon Hickoks arrival, she told him that a Confederate gang led by McCanles was pursuing him, and almost immediately they were set upon by the Confederates. He was assigned Buffalo Bill Cody, a sergeant, and five privates. By the end of the night most of the money had been spent, and Jane was roaring drunk. Two 7th Cavalry troopers jump, Most people have heard of Calamity Jane, once promoted as The Famous Woman Scout of. Future Publishing Limited He was the fourth son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok. He was the son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok (Fishwick). Hickok was born and raised on a farm in northern Illinois at a time when lawlessness and vigilante activity were rampant because of the influence of the "Banditti of the Prairie". His work included identifying and counting the number of troops in uniform who were drinking while on duty, verifying hotel liquor licenses, and tracking down individuals who owed money to the cash-strapped Union Army. [25] The 1883 History of Greene County, Missouri described him as "by nature a ruffian a drunken, swaggering fellow, who delighted when 'on a spree' to frighten nervous men and timid women. A former cavalryman, J.W. His parents were William Alonzo Hickok and Polly Butler. In the early 1990s ABC television series Young Riders, a fictional account of Pony Express riders, Hickok is portrayed by Josh Brolin.[80]. It is believed that McCanles arrived at the station with his son, Monroe; his cousin, James Woods; and James Gordon, a man in his service. Several times he was arrested for vagrancy. McCormick had a lot of written proof too, which was largely believed by those who met her. This, too, was badly defaced, and was then enclosed in a cage for protection. In 1860, Hickok was badly injured by a bear, while driving a freight team from Independence, Missouri, to Santa Fe, New Mexico. One story claimed he killed a bear with his bare hands and a bowie knife. His exploits as a gunfighter, scout, and lawman were legendary and he became the topic of many fictionalized accounts. [29][30], Two days later, Hickok was arrested for murder. Calamity Jane never married Wild Bill Hickok. Against the bloody backdrop of the uniquely volatile point in history, both killers earned a reputation for viciousness. In real life, Calamity Jane (Martha Jane Canary) never met 'Doc' Holliday: she actually was in love and pursued 'Wild Bill' Hickock. Nick McGlashan had two children, Lennyn Annette Richardson of Unalaska (7) and Kane Wilder Hammond of Port Townsend, WA (1). "[46] Hoping to intimidate Hickok, Coe allegedly stated that he could "kill a crow on the wing". Duck Bill and Shanghai Bill By the end of 1861, he was a wagon master, but in September 1862, he was discharged for unknown reasons. Wild Bill Hickok's iconic status is rooted in a shootout in July 1861 in what came to be known as the McCanles Massacre in Rock Creek, Nebraska. 10 Black Pioneers in Aviation Who Broke Barriers, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Name: Wild Bill Hickok, Birth Year: 1837, Birth date: May 27, 1837, Birth State: Illinois, Birth City: Troy Grove, Birth Country: United States. During this period Hickok prevented a man from beating an 11-year-old boy, who grew up to become Buffalo Bill Cody, Hickoks longtime friend. Hickok lost a gold watch to Tutt in a poker game. [9], Hickok used his late father's name, William Hickok, from 1858, and the name William Haycock during the American Civil War. Some said the two men fought over a card game, while others attributed the duel to competition for the attention of a woman named Susannah Moore. [3][4] James was the fourth of six children. Notorious Old West gunmen John Wesley Hardin and James Butler Hickok, also known as "Wild Bill," began as friends. The wagon train arrived in Deadwood in July 1876. Later historians, however, have presented a radically different portrayal of the events at Rock Creek. Just as he pulled the trigger, one of the policemen rushed around the corner between Coe and the pistols and both balls entered his body, killing him instantly. McCanles also acted as the stations manager before the company replaced him with Horace Wellman, and McCanles had reputedly ridiculed Hickok during his convalescence from his injuries. After his August 1876 murder, she further claimed that they had been married and that he was the father of her child. [13][14] He was also known before 1861 among Jayhawkers as "Shanghai Bill" because of his height and slim build. Jessie later said that the Deadwood Chief of Police wrote her about Janes death in 1903. [61], Hickok died instantly. This angered the buffalo and panicked audience members, causing the animals to break free of their wire fencing and chase audience members, some of whom were trampled. "[55], On March 5, 1876, Hickok married Agnes Thatcher Lake, a 50-year-old circus proprietor in Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory. Hickok ordered him to be arrested for firing a pistol within the city limits. A semifictionalized version of Hickok's time as marshal of Abilene Kansas, titled Hickok (2017), stars Luke Hemsworth as Hickok, Trace Adkins as the Bull's Head Saloon keeper Phil Coe, Kris Kristofferson as Abilene mayor George Knox, and Kaiwi Lyman-Mersereau as John Wesley Hardin. Most newspapers referred to him as William Haycock until 1869. Her friends held a fundraiser for her and the benefit proved a howling successuntil Jane began treating her generous friends to drinks. Both parents were reputed to be unsavory, involved in petty crimes and often financially destitute. Calamity Jane! Jessie withdrew from the Academy a short time later, but in January of 1896, Jane was finally able to take her to St. Martins Academy in Sturgis. I would have rather been somewhere else, but Bill stopped. This incident added to his fame as a gunslinger, which skyrocketed when journalist and later explorer Sir Henry Morton Stanley reported as fact in the New York Herald in 1867 Hickoks exaggerated claim that he had killed 100 men. Famous Cowgirls. ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1982). Funeral services will be held at Charlie Utter's Camp, on Thursday afternoon, August 3, 1876, at 3 o'clock P. M. All are respectfully invited to attend. As a very young boy, Bill was born to father William Alonzo Hickok and mother Polly Butler. The first major description of the incident appeared in Harpers New Monthly Magazine in February 1867, six years after the fact, written by Col. George Ward Nichols, who claimed to have been told the story by Hickok in 1865. Almost the entire town attended the funeral, and Utter had Hickok buried with a wooden grave marker reading: Wild Bill, J. Relegated to making a living through other means than law enforcement, he traveled from one town to another as a gambler. She has been labeled a scout, freighter, and gambler, a drunken dance hall queen and prostitute. [57] The two possibly met for the first time after Jane was released from the guardhouse in Fort Laramie and joined the wagon train in which Hickok was traveling. Hardin alleged that when his cousin, Mannen Clements, was jailed for the killing of two cowhands (Joe and Dolph Shadden) in July 1871, Hickokat Hardin's requestarranged for his escape. 3. The son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok, he was by all accounts a master marksman from an early age. and that Deft. As vile a character as I ever met for some cause Wild Bill incurred Coe's hatred and he vowed to secure the death of the marshal. "[citation needed]. Wild Bill Hickok begins to establish his reputation as a gunfighter after he shoots three men during a shootout in Nebraska. By Jan MacKell Collins. Many historic sites and monuments commemorate his life, and he has been depicted numerous times in literature, film, and television. He traveled west to Deadwood, South Dakota, in a wagon train that included Martha Jane Cannary (Calamity Jane), who later claimed she had secretly married him. Hickok left his new bride a few months later, joining Charlie Utter's wagon train to seek his fortune in the gold fields of South Dakota. By the age of 17, he was an excellent marksman. He was famous on the Deadliest Catch for his hard work, knowledge of fishing, and quick-witted humor. Hickok saved Cody from getting beaten by another man and the two became longtime pals. Hickok joined the antislavery Free State Army of Jayhawkers and, having already become skilled with a gun as a youth, served as a bodyguard for Gen. James H. Lanes. They had ivory grips and nickel plating, and were ornately engraved with "J.B. Hickok1869" on the backstrap. She was born in Missouri and spent most of her life on the country's western border. Later that year he became a teamster with the great freighting enterprise Russell, Majors and Waddell, creators of the Pony Express, for which he was too tall and heavy to be a rider. James Butler Hickok (May 27, 1837 - August 2, 1876), also known as "Wild Bill" Hickok was a legendary figure in the old west. England and Wales company registration number 2008885. subscribe to All About History for as little as 26. Not wasting a second, he quietly drew his revolver and shot Hickok in the back of the head, instantly killing him. [59], The next day, Hickok was playing poker again. Hickok is known to have fatally shot six men and is suspected of having killed a seventh (McCanles). Standing some 50 yards away from his subject, Hickok "without sighting his pistol and with his eye" rang off six shots, each of them hitting the direct center of the letter. McCall tried to . In an 1871 account that changed his life, Hickok was reportedly involved in a shootout with saloon owner Phil Coe. (If said child had actually existed, he or she was said to . The charge was later reduced to manslaughter. His own show, The Daring Buffalo Chase of the Plains, did not fare well, but in 1873 he joined Buffalo Bill Codys The Scouts of the Prairie, which was based in Rochester, New York. Reading: Wild Bill conducted himself in his later years was a correlation! 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