Volcanic rocks add to the diversity of those regions. Establishing fishing limits, protecting threatened habitats, and encouraging sustainable consumption habits are some efforts supported by European conservationists. Automobile companies such as BMW, Mercedes, and Audi are known throughout the world for creating cars with dynamic designs and an engaging driving experience. Italy is separated from the Balkans by the Adriatic Sea, and from Iberia by the Mediterranean Sea, which also separates Europe from Africa. 5. [2] A prehistoric perspective would include Britain and Ireland as the core of a further very significant European peninsula prior to the post-glacial rise in sea-levels.[3]. Flora & FaunaMuch like its physical regions, Europe's plant and animal communities follow a general north-south orientation. The Kimmel Falls are in Hohe Tauen National Park and are one of Austrias most visited tourist attractions. For the political geography of Europe, see, Countries consisting solely of islands or parts of islands, Countries bordering or spanning another continent, Countries whose capital is not the most populous, List of countries by the number of other countries they border, Last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57, List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe, List of European tornadoes and tornado outbreaks, List of the highest European ultra-prominent peaks, Special member state territories and the European Union, Language facts European day of languages, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Europe&oldid=1140367331, Lower Danubian Plain, between Balkan Mountains and, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57. The biggest is Lake Ladoga, which covers just under 7,000 square miles and sits close to St. Petersburg. Important Scandinavian companies focused on designed products include Electrolux, which makes home electronics, and Ikea and H&M, famous around the world for inexpensive but well-designed home furnishings and clothing, respectively. Europe is home to the birthplace of democracy and Western culture in the ancient civilizations of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Latin, the language of Rome, evolved into French in the western region, and Italian in the south. This is the largest landlocked country in the world. The 15 rivers of Europe by average discharge, including only rivers directly flowing into the World Ocean or Endorheic basins: Aegean Islands, land, Balearic Islands, Corsica, Crete, Cyprus (Adjacent to Asia), Fyn, Faroe Islands, Gotland, Great Britain, Hinnya, Iceland, Ionian Islands, Ireland, Malta, North Jutlandic Island, Saaremaa, Sardinia, Senja, Sicily, Svalbard and Zealand. The boundary continues to the Caspian Sea, the crest of the Caucasus Mountains (or, less commonly, the river Kura in the Caucasus), and on to the Black Sea. Editor of, Professor of Geography, Birkbeck College, University of London, 194770. The proportion of people older than 65 will grow from 16 percent to 28 percent. National Geographic News: New Fault Found in EuropeMay 'Close Up' Adriatic Sea, National Geographic News: Volcanic Ash Stops Europe FlightsWhy Ash Is Dangerous, European Environment Agency: European Land Cover, National Geographic Education: Mapping EuropeLand Mammal Range. These journeys varied in length, depending on the migration patterns of specific reindeer herds. 5. geography of Scandinavia facts. Larger only than Australia, it is a small appendage of Eurasia. Some critics argue these attitudes are xenophobic. Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula to the south of France and Andorra and to the east of Portugal. In spite of its internal diversity, Europe has thus functioned, from the time it first emerged in the human consciousness, as a world apart, concentratingto borrow a phrase from Christopher Marloweinfinite riches in a little room.. The topography of the country is divided very clearly between the hilly Oesling of the . The volcanoes of Lemnos, an island in the Mediterranean, and Mount Etna, on the island of Sicily, were believed to be the forges of Hephaestus, the Greek god of fire. Four broad topographic units can be simply, yet usefully, distinguished in the continent of Europe. It looks at mountains and valleys, as well as rivers and oceans. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). It runs for 2,294 miles through central Russia. The other landlocked countries are "standalone" landlocked, not bordering any other such European one (the emphasis is necessary, since Kazakhstan borders Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan, thus forming a vast landlocked expanse in Central Asia). The city is home to the headquarters of luxury brands such as Valentino, Gucci, Versace, and Prada. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom? Switzerland's small sizeits total area is about half that of Scotlandand its modest population give little indication of its international significance. Europe's eastern frontier is usually delineated by the Ural Mountains in Russia, which is the largest country by land area in the continent. The European bison (Bison bonasus), the heaviest land animal on the continent, is one of the most threatened species.Beginning in the 20th century, many governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have worked to restore some of Europe's rich biodiversity. Antwerp is the biggest city of the country. The goals of the program are local, regional, and global. The political cartoons sought to engage in the debate surrounding Muslim extremism. Around 10% of the world's population lives in Europe. Swiss-Italian is distinguishable from Italian.Romansch, an endangered language, is also derived from Latin. Europe is home to two countries that are completely landlocked by Italy. The greater part of Europe, however, combines low elevation with low relief. Lake Ladoga is the worlds 14th largest lake by area, and Russia also has the deepest lake in the world Lake Baikal. The Apennines, Dinaric Alps, and Balkan Mountains, as well as the arc-shaped Carpathian Mountains and their southern portion, the Transylvanian Alps, also exhibit high elevations. During the Middle Ages, dominant European powers conquered the strategically important mountain territory of the Alps. Lesotho (landlocked within South Africa), is the only other country in the world surrounded entirely by another country. In the face of an economic crisis, EU citizens of poorer member countries, such as the Roma of Bulgaria and Romania, often migrate to more developed EU countries in search of work. Land relief in Europe shows great variation within relatively small areas. Italian fashion is also an important cultural export. Germany's largest wooded area,. 1. The biggest part of the United Kingdom (also called the U.K.) is the island of Great Britain, which is made up of England, Wales, and Scotland. Elevations in those areas are mainly between about 500 and 2,000 feet (150 and 600 metres), and many steep slopes are to be seen. This program must not only highlight the citys unique cultural heritage, but also feature new events that unite a range of cultural practices from across Europe. Kazakhstan and Russia are in Asia. A landlocked country of towering mountains, deep Alpine lakes, grassy valleys dotted with . The Netherlands is bordered by Germany in the east; and Belgium in the south. Its major peninsulas include Jutland and the Scandinavian, Iberian, Italian, and Balkan peninsulas. Desert climates are found in the European portion of Kazakhstan and South Eastern Spain. The northern plains are delimited in the west by the Scandinavian mountains and the mountainous parts of the British Isles. Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geology, Geography, Physical Geography. This map shows the physical features of Europe, surrounding lands, and offshore areas. Among the continents, Europe is an anomaly. Europe has less precipitation in the east than in central and western Europe. The most common way to show this is using topographical maps. The Danubian and northern Italian lowlands are thus mountain-ringed islands. This article treats the physical and human geography of Europe. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Estos incluyen el aumento del nivel del mar; la reduccin de los glaciares de montaa; aceleracin del derretimiento del hielo en Groenlandia, la Antrtida y el rtico; y cambios en los . 2. Because of their remoteness, however, all these regions have distinct dialects that differ slightly from their parent language. To read all future answers to your comment, please bookmark this page. 3. In the Alps, Mont Blanc rises to a height of 15,771 feet (4,807 metres), which is the highest point on the continent. You cannot download interactives. This description is simplified. Furthermore, the Mediterranean coastlands of North Africa and southwestern Asia also exhibit some European physical and cultural affinities. Critics believe the process of attaining EU membership is too difficult for Europes developing economies. Routes detour around, or seek gaps through, those uplandswhose German appellation, Horst (thicket), recalls their still wooded character, while their coal basins give them great economic importance. There are more bicycles than people in the country (22.3 million bicycles and 17 million people). Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. Turku officials hope to inspire other European countries to undertake similar projects.Europe also strengthens ties between its diverse peoples and cultures by supporting multilingual education. In many places, including the Mediterranean and North seas, waters have been overfished. Ireland is an island nation on the westernmost edge of Europe. Aby witryna CORDIS dziaaa poprawnie, obsuga JavaScript musi by wczona. The cold water surrounding northern Britain and Scandinavia is home to unique species of cold-water corals. The financial crisis is defined by debt and high unemployment. Join this channel to get access to perks:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC43qCBEfmy-wouPmYlLSpIg/join#europe #India #gypsiesContact Us- info@themysticaland.. Europe Facts | Religion: Most of the European people are Christians (76%) and there are smaller numbers of Muslims (6%) and Jews and other beliefs. World War II also left more than 40 million refugees, contributed to the independence of European colonies throughout the world, and devastated the urban infrastructure of many European cities.As a result of the devastation of World War II, Western Europes leadership in global politics diminished. Ukraine is the world's largest producer of sunflower seeds, and across every part of Ukraine, you'll see stunning fields of these yellow blooms. Il sito web di CORDIS prevede che JavaScript sia abilitato per funzionare correttamente. Mount Olympus became the first national park in Greece. Fortuitously, Europe has no continuous mountain obstacle aligned north-south, corresponding, for example, to the Western Cordillera of North America and the Andes Mountains of South America, that would limit access into western Europe from the ocean. Europe's main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in Northern Europe. During this time, a number of anti-communist revolutions swept central and eastern Europe. Literally, Europa is now thought to have meant Mainland, rather than the earlier interpretation, Sunset. It appears to have suggested itself to the Greeks, in their maritime world, as an appropriate designation for the extensive northerly lands that lay beyond, lands with characteristics vaguely known yet clearly different from those inherent in the concepts of Asia and Libyaboth of which, relatively prosperous and civilized, were associated closely with the culture of the Greeks and their predecessors. Figures for the population of Europe vary according to which definition of European boundaries is used. Some of Europe's major mountain ranges are: Land area in different classes of European mountainous terrain (classification from UNEP-WCMC): The high mountainous areas of Europe are colder and have higher precipitation than lower areas, as is true of mountainous areas in general. Southward of the limits of the northern glacial ice are vales and hills, with the Paris and London basins typical examples. In 2005, the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 cartoons featuring Islamic subjects. In 1397, Denmark's Queen Margaret created the Kalmar Union, which included Sweden, Finland, Norway . The Volga River in Russia is Europe's longest river. Roma are a people and culture native to central and eastern Europe. Lets take a short tour around some of the most notable geographical facts about Europe. Some of these concepts include the idea of an elected Senate and the stationing of military troops outside a countrys home region.World War I and World War II dramatically affected the political geography of Europe. It stands 10,922 feet high on the coast of the Mediterranean island Sicily. The debate surrounding the cartoons also intensified strained relations between the Islamic world and the West.In 2010, the French government dismantled illegal immigrant camps throughout France. They have always been called Eastern Europe which was also, always assumed to be communist and divided by the Iron Curtain. Europes largest and longest river is the Volga. In fact, many developing nations argued that the Copenhagen Accord was drafted by a small group of powerful countries and unfairly disadvantages poorer countries, many of which are expected to suffer the worst effects of climate change.The ageing of Europes population is also expected to dramatically affect the continents social, political, and financial future. This linguistic diversity is present in the Alpine regions of many contemporary European countries today.Switzerland, for example, has four official languages: German, French, Italian, and Romansch. Arts and Music, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, Economics, World History. The only primate native to Europe, the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus), inhabits this Mediterranean basin. All the major bodies of water in Europe have been fished for centuries. It is one of the biggest glaciers in the world, covering almost 9,000 sq km (3,500 square miles). The European Union created a $957 billion rescue package for the EU economy, primarily for countries that had unsustainable debt rates. Ancient Greeks believed it was the home of the gods. Some reindeer herds have a home range of up to 5,000 square kilometers (1,930 square miles). Grades 6 - 12+ Subjects Arts and Music, Economics, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, World History Photograph Europe Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. Omissions? As Ive talked about fire (volcanoes), it wouldnt be right to leave ice out of the geography facts of Europe. These revolutions eventually lead to the end of the Cold War, symbolized by the falling of the Berlin Wall in 1989.Contemporary IssuesEurope is now broadly defined in the context of the European Union (EU), an economic and political body officially created by the Maastricht Treaty in 1993. Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. Rocks of all geologic periods are exposed, and the operation of geologic forces during an immense succession of eras has contributed to the molding of the landscapes of mountain, plateau, and lowland and has bequeathed a variety of mineral reserves. In terms of shape, Europe is a collection of connected peninsulas and nearby islands. The landlocked countries in Europe are: Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kosovo, Liechtenstein (which is doubly landlocked), Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Moldova, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Vatican City. The principal articles discussing the historical and cultural development of the continent include history of Europe; European exploration; Western colonialism; Aegean civilizations; ancient Greek civilization; ancient Rome; Byzantine Empire; and Holy Roman Empire. City-states were unique in that they were governed not by a hereditary ruler, but by a political body that represented its citizens. In this case, the region of Western Europe includes the regions of northern Europe, southern Europe, Central Europe, and the British Isles. Only Oceania has less landmass. Traders and travelers also reported that the Europe beyond Greece possessed distinctive physical units, with mountain systems and lowland river basins much larger than those familiar to inhabitants of the Mediterranean region. More than half of Europe consists of lowlands, standing mostly below 600 feet (180 metres) but infrequently rising to 1,000 feet (300 metres). Please enable JavaScript. The North European Plain remains the most densely populated region of Europe.Central UplandsThe Central Uplands extend east-west across Central Europe and include western France and Belgium, southern Germany, the Czech Republic, and parts of northern Switzerland and Austria.The Central Uplands are lower in altitude and less rugged than the Alpine region and are heavily wooded. Political geography is the internal and external relationships between governments, citizens, and territories. Population growth in Europe is rather minimal with minimal age comparatively high. Economically, Russia and former Soviet states are not part of what we think of as Europe these days, because they are not part of the European Union. The creation of the European Economic Community in 1957 and the EU in 1993 greatly enhanced economic cooperation between many of the continents countries. 1. A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. Yet the peninsular and insular western extremity of the continent, thrusting toward the North Atlantic Ocean, providesthanks to its latitude and its physical geographya relatively genial human habitat, and the long processes of human history came to mark off the region as the home of a distinctive civilization. Fun Facts about Europe Europe is home to the smallest country in the world, the Holy See or the Vatican. Huge herds of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) feed on these tiny plants.The taiga, which stretches across northern Europe just south of the tundra, is composed of coniferous forests, with trees such as pine, spruce, and fir. A study completed by the Berlin Institute for Population and Development found that Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, western Germany, Switzerland, Slovenia, Austria, and France have the best prospects of supporting vibrant and economically successful societies. 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